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Black Beaver
Black Beaver or ''Suck-tum-mah-kway'' (1806—1880, Delaware) was a Native American trapper for the American Fur Company, a scout and guide, and interpreter who was fluent in English, and several European and Native American languages. After working as a scout, he settled among his people in the village of Beaverstown in Indian Territory, where they had been removed. 〔May, Jon D. ("Black Beaver (1806—1880)." ) ''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' (retrieved 19 July 2011)〕 He is credited with establishing the California and Chisholm trails.
At the beginning of the American Civil War, he guided hundreds of Union troops and their long wagon train from Fort Arbuckle to Kansas to escape much larger Confederate forces; they had to travel more than 500 miles through Indian Territory to reach safety. None of the party or their animals or wagons was lost. Confederates destroyed his ranch, but Black Beaver eventually resettled in Indian Territory after the war, becoming a wealthy rancher in present-day Anadarko, Oklahoma.〔 His former ranch site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
==Trapper and guide==
He was born in 1806 in present-day Belleville, western Illinois, to the east of St. Louis and across the Mississippi River. Many Lenape had migrated here after the American Revolutionary War from their traditional territory along the Delaware River and coast in the mid-Atlantic states. Black Beaver began trapping and trading beaver pelts as a teenager for the American Fur Company of John Jacob Astor.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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